Cuerpos extraños en otorrinolaringología: Experiencia en Clínica Santa María / Foreign bodies in otolaryngology: Experience at Clínica Santa María

Resumen Introducción: Los cuerpos extraños (CE) en oído, nariz y vía aéreodigestiva superior son el 30% de las urgencia en otorrinolaringología (ORL). No existen datos epidemiológicos nacionales que describan la casuística de CE. Objetivo: Describir la epidemiología de pacientes con diagnóstico de CE evaluados, entre el 2013-2018 en Clínica Santa María de Santiago, Chile. Describir las características de los CE, ubicación, método de extracción y complicaciones. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, basado en revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de CE, analizando variables epidemiológicas y clínicas. Resultados: Se revisaron 1.847 casos con diagnóstico de CE, confirmando 1.494. La mayoría de sexo masculino (53,3%), con un promedio de edad de 16,5 años (rango de 0-95 años). Los CE más prevalentes fueron ótico (52,9%) y nasal (27,9%). El síntoma asociado más frecuente fue la sensación de CE (18,1%). El diagnóstico fue principalmente por examen físico (84%), requiriéndose exámenes complementarios en 18,2%. La extracción fue ambulatoria en su mayoría (84,6%), requiriendo extracción en pabellón el 12,5%. El 5,5% presentó complicaciones, y la tasa de letalidad fue de 0,07%. Conclusión: Esta casuística, única a nivel nacional, nos permite conocer la epidemiología de los CE. Un bajo porcentaje de pacientes fue de riesgo vital, pero el manejo oportuno permite una baja tasa de complicaciones y letalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Foreign bodies (FB) in the ear, nose and upper airway-digestive tract are 30% of the emergencies in otolaryngology (ORL). There is no national epidemiological data that describes the FB casuistry. Aim: To describe the epidemiology of patients who have a diagnosis of a FB evaluated, between 2013-2018, at Santa María Clinic in Santiago, Chile. To describe the characteristics of FB, location, method of removal, and complications. Material and Method: A descriptive and retrospective study, based on review of clinical records of patients with the diagnosis of FB, analyzing epidemiological and clinical variables. Results: 1847 cases with a diagnosis of FB were reviewed, of which 1494 were confirmed. Most were male (53.3%), with an average age of 16.5 years (range 0-95 years). The most prevalent FB locations were otic (52.9%) and nasal (27.9%). The most frequent associated symptom was sensation of a FB (18.1%). The diagnosis was fundamentally based on physical examination (84%), requiring complementary tools in 18.2%. The extraction was mostly ambulatory (84.6%), requiring extraction in the operation room in 12.5%. 5.5% presented complications, and the fatality rate was 0.07%. Conclusion: This casuistry is unique at the national level, and allows us to know the epidemiology of FB. A low percentage of patients correspond to life-threatening locations, but timely management allows a low rate of complications and fatality.

Fish Bone Foreign Body: The Role of Imaging

Abstract Introduction Fish bone foreign body (FFB) impaction in the upper aerodigestive tract is a common cause for emergency department referral. Its management varies in both diagnosis and treatment paradigms. Fish bone foreign bodies are more commonly found in the oropharynx in cases of patients < 40 years old, and in the esophagus in cases of patients > 40 years old. Symptoms are typically non-indicative for the location of the FFB, with the exception of foreign body sensation at/superior to the cervical esophagus. A lack of findings during the physical examination is routinely followed by imaging, with computed tomography (CT) being the preferred modality. In practice, many patients undergo unnecessary imaging studies, including CT scans. Objectives To identify patients with suspected fish bone impaction who do not require CT imaging and can be safely discharged. Data Synthesis We have searched the PubMed database for the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: fish bone, fish foreign body AND oropharynx, hypopharynx, esophagus, flexible esophagoscopy, and rigid esophagoscopy. Our search in the English language yielded 32 papers. Case reports were included, since they highlighted rare and serious complications. Conclusion In patients > 40 years old suspected of fish bone impaction, noncontrast CT is recommended and should be urgently performed, even in the presence of ambiguous symptoms. However, in patients < 40 years old presenting within 24 hours from ingestion, imaging has little diagnostic value due to the low probability of esophageal fish bones. For this specific subgroup, in the absence of clinical findings, discharge without imaging studies may be considered safe. (AU)

Características y resultados de la ingestión de cuerpos extraños en niños / Characteristics and outcomes of foreign body ingestion in children

Introducción: La ingestión de un cuerpo extraño (CE) es un accidente frecuente en el hogar en la edad pediátrica; su manejo oportuno por especialistas puede evitar complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir características y complicaciones de los CE en el tubo digestivo en población pediátrica. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de ingestión de un CE desde enero de 1971 a diciembre de 2016. Se recabaron características generales de los pacientes, tipo de objeto, métodos de extracción y complicaciones. Se realizó análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Durante 45 años, se extrajeron 2637 CE localizados en faringe (n= 118), esófago (n= 2410), estómago (n= 103) e intestino (n= 6). Predominaron en el sexo masculino (50,9%); 74% fueron en menores de 5 años. El 57% llegó en las primeras 24 horas; sialorrea, disfagia y vómito fueron los principales síntomas y un 16% estaba asintomático. La radiografía permitió localizar el CE en el 93%; el más ingerido fue la moneda (78%); la localización más común fue el tercio superior del esófago (79%); el 86% se extrajo con endoscopio rígido y las complicaciones se presentaron en el 7,8% de los casos. Conclusiones: La ingestión de un CE predomina en menores de 5 años, y los metales son los más frecuentes. La radiografía simple es el estudio de elección, que permite realizar el diagnóstico y la extracción es por vía endoscópica con endoscopio rígido o flexible según la experiencia del endoscopista.

Introduction: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common home accident during childhood; a timely management by the specialists may help prevent complications in the short and long term. Objective: To describe the characteristics and complications of FB ingestion located in the gastrointestinal tract in the pediatric population. Material and methods: Two phases, retrospective, and prospective study. Patients diagnosed with FB ingestion between January 1971 and December 2016 were included. The general characteristics of patients, FB type, removal method, and complications were registered. A descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Over 45 years, 2637 FBs were removed from the pharynx (n= 118), the esophagus (n= 2410), the stomach (n= 103), and the intestines (n= 6). Male patients predominated (50.9%); 74% were younger than 5 years. Besides, 57% arrived within the first 24 hours; ptyalism, dysphagia, and vomiting were the main symptoms; 16% of patients had no symptoms. It was possible to locate the FB using an X-ray in 93% of cases; the most common FBs were coins (78%); the most frequent location was the upper third of the esophagus (79%); 86% of FBs were removed using a rigid endoscope, and complications were observed in 7.8% of patients. Conclusions: FB ingestion predominated among children younger than 5 years; metal objects were the most common ones. A plain X-ray is the test of choice for diagnosis; removal is usually done with a rigid or flexible endoscope, depending on the endoscopist's experience.

Perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con cuerpos extraños en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Central de Maputo observados de 1983 a 2009 / Epidemiological profile of patients with strange bodies in the otorhinolaryngology service of the Central Hospital of Maputo observed from 1983 to 2009

RESUMEN Introducción En los países en desarrollo la problemática de cuerpos extraños (CE) en los Servicios de Otorrinolaringología está mal estudiada, la literatura sobre el tema es escasa. El estudio fue realizado para caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico en pacientes atendidos con CE en el Servicio de ORL/Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM) (período de 1983 a 2009). Objetivo El estudio fue realizado para caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico en pacientes atendidos con cuerpos extraños en el Servicio de ORL del Hospital Central de Maputo (HCM) en el período de 1983 a 2009. Material y Método Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando datos retrospectivos de pacientes con cuerpos extraños atendidos en el HCM. Se recogieron datos demográficos, sobre CE, ubicación anatómica, tratamientos efectuados y complicaciones clínicas. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el SPSS-v15. Los resultados descriptivos se muestran en tablas y gráficos. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 4.826 pacientes. Se observó predominio del sexo masculino y la mayoría pertenecía a la edad pediátrica. Los CE predominantes fueron los metales y la espina de pescado. La región anatómica más afectada fue el canal auditivo externo. Conclusión Este estudio presenta una compilación única que abarca un período de 26 años constituyendo una importante fuente de información al respecto. Demuestra la magnitud del problema en la edad pediátrica y presenta las características de los CE involucrados y las respectivas localizaciones anatómicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction In developing countries, the problem of foreign bodies (FB) in ENT Services is poorly studied and the literature related to the subject is rare. This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological profile in patients treated with FB in ENT Department/Maputo Central Hospital (MCH) (1983-2009 period). Aim This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological profile in patients treated with foreign bodies in ENT Department of Maputo Central Hospital (MCH) in the 1983-2009 period. Material and Method A cross-sectional study was performed using the retrospective data from patients with FB treated at MCH. Demographic data were collected on FB, their anatomical location, any treatment, clinical complications among others. The data were processed using the SPSS-v15. Descriptive results were presented in tables and graphs. Results We included a total of 4826 patients. The most affected population groups were males and children under 14 years. The most frequent FB were metals. The most common anatomical locations of FB was the external ear canal. Conclusions This study presents a unique collection covering a period of 26 years, constituting, therefore, an important source of information on the subject. This study demonstrates the magnitude of the problem in the pediatric age and presents the characteristics of the FB involved and their anatomical locations. The evidence of this study are important to inform clinical prevention and training strategies to deal with this issue at the level of primary health care. This study is important to inform about strategies to prevent it, but also useful in the formation of clinics to better deal with this type of patients at the level of primary health care.

Les corps étrangers en otorhinolaryngologie : analyse de 192 cas au centre hospitalier universitaire de Conakry

Introduction. La survenue d'un corps étranger (CE) est un motif fréquent de consultation en ORL. Le but de notre étude était d'analyser les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques des sujets porteurs de corps étrangers à l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen (CHU de Conakry). Matériels et méthodes. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective de type descriptif, étalée de Janvier ­à décembre 2015 (un an), portant sur tous les cas de corps étrangers des conduits auditifs externes et des voies aérodigestives supérieures colligés au service d'ORL de l'Hôpital National Ignace Deen. Nos variables d'intérêt étaient les données épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques Résultats. Durant la période d'étude, 192 cas de CE ont été colligés parmi les 2177 consultations, soit une fréquence de 8,82%. L'âge des patients variait de 2 à 60 ans avec une prédominance des enfants de moins de 10 ans (42,71%). Le sex-ratio homme/femme était de deux. Le délai moyen d'admission était de 48h avec des extrêmes de 0 à 30 jours. Les circonstances de survenue des CE étaient représentées par les jeux dans 54,17 % des cas. Le conduit auditif externe était la localisation la plus fréquente (64,58%). La nature des CE était inorganique dans 76,56 % des cas et organique dans 23,44 % des cas. Tous les CE ont été extraits par la voie d'introduction, le plus souvent au fauteuil de consultation (90,10 % des cas). L'évolution a été favorable chez tous les patients. Conclusion. Les corps étrangers ORL constituent un motif fréquent de consultation et affectent surtout les enfants de sexe masculin.ils sont habituellement inorganiques et affectent surtout le conduit auditif externe. L'évolution est en règle favorable après extraction

Les perforations pharyngo-oesophagiennes par corps étranger

Introduction : La perforation pharyngo-œsophagienne par ingestion de corps étranger (CE) est une complication rare et grave. De ce fait, sa prise en charge n'est pas standardisée. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier les caractéristiques épidémiologiques et diagnostiques de ces complications et de discuter les modalités thérapeutiques. Patients et méthodes :Sur une période 17 ans (1998 - 2014), nous avons colligé 573 patients ayant ingéré des CE pharyngo-œsophagiens et qui ont bénéficié d'une extraction endoscopique au tube rigide. Onze patients (1,9%) se sont compliqués d'une perforation. Résultats : Il s'agissait de 3 enfants et 8 adultes. Les corps étrangers étaient dominés par les fragments d'os (55% des cas). Les perforations étaient jugées liées aux manœuvres d'extraction dans 54,5% et au CE dans 45,5%. Le diagnostic a été posé dans un délai maximal de 2 jours après extraction. La chirurgie a été réalisée d'emblée dans 2 cas devant la migration extra-viscérale du CE et devant la présence d'une abcédation péri-œsophagienne, respectivement. Le geste opératoire consistait, respectivement, en l'ablation du CE avec suture de l'œsophage et un simple drainage de l'abcès. Dans un autre cas, la chirurgie a été pratiquée en seconde intention après échec du traitement médical et devant l'apparition d'une pleurésie purulente. Le geste opératoire était une suture renforcée par un lambeau intercostal. Un traitement conservateur était instauré dans 8 cas (72,7%).L'évolution était favorable dans 10 cas (soit 90,9%) et fatale dans un seul cas, soit une mortalité de 9,1%. Conclusion : Le pronostic dépend essentiellement de la précocité diagnostique des perforations œsophagiennes par CE. Le traitement conservateur serait suffisant et efficace en dehors d'un syndrome infectieux sévère

Cuerpo extraño bronquial: experiencia de los últimos 18 años en Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile / Bronchial foreign body: experience of the last 18 years in Hospital guillermo grant Benavente, Concepcion, Chile

Introducción: Los cuerpos extraños en vía aérea (CEVA) continúan siendo un desafío clínico que genera un espectro de presentaciones, desde mínima sintomatología a compromiso respiratorio, falla respiratoria e incluso muerte. Objetivos: Describir y analizar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de los pacientes con sospecha de CEVA evaluados en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de CEVA admitidos en nuestro servicio de urgencia, entre los años 1997 y 2015. Se analizaron diferentes variables, especialmente en relación a síntomas, signos, hallazgos radiológicos, complicaciones, tratamiento y resultados. Resultados: Se encontraron 117 broncoscopías rígidas, confirmándose CEVA en 94 (80,4%). La mayoría niños entre 1-3 años. Hubo más de una consulta previa al diagnóstico en el 29,8%, siendo la mayoría de las consultas precoces. La mayoría informó síndrome de penetración, pero esto no hizo la diferencia en el diagnóstico. El 80,9% de los casos confirmados tuvo alguna alteración radiológica (excluyendo cuerpos radio-opacos) (p <0,05). Se ubicó en árbol bronquial derecho mayormente, siendo de una naturaleza variada. Se extrajo en el primer intento sin incidentes el 91,5%. No hubo complicaciones reportadas en relación a las extracciones. Conclusiones: Un cuerpo extraño en el tracto respiratorio es una emergencia quirúrgica, pudiendo ser incluso fatal. Un alto índice de sospecha es fundamental para evitar complicaciones.

Introduction: Airway Foreign bodies (AFB) remain a clinical challenge, generate a spectrum of presentations, from minimal symptoms to respiratory distress, respiratory failure and even death. Aim: To describe and analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with suspected AFB. Material and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of patients diagnosed with AFB admitted to our Emergency Service between 1997 and 2015. Different variables were analyzed, especiallytheir symptoms, signs, radiologic findings, complications, treatment and outcomes. Results: 117 rigid bronchoscopies associated with suspected AFB were found. The diagnosis was confirmed in 94 cases (80.4%). Most ofthem were children between 1-3 years. There was more than one consultation before the diagnosis in 29.85. Most of the patients reported penetration syndrome, but this made no difference on diagnosis. 80.9% ofthe confirmed cases had some radiological alteration (excluding radiopaque bodies) (p <0.05). Most of the cases were found in the right bronchial tree and were of a varied nature. They were extracted in the first attempt without incidents in 91.5% of the cases. There were no reported complications regarding extractions. Conclusions: A foreign body in the respiratory tract is a surgical emergency, and may even be fatal. A high index of suspicion is essential to avoid complications.

Cuerpos extraños en vía respiratoria: experiencia de 15 años. Universo estadístico de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina / Foreign bodies in airway: experience of 15 years. Statistical universe of the province of Mendoza, Argentina

Objetivo. Presentar la experiencia de 15 años con extracción de cuerpos extraños. Se describen 277 procedimientos broncoscópicos realizados por sospecha de aspiración de cuerpo extraño desde diciembre de 1992 a diciembre de 2008. En 165 CE encontrados, se presentan las conclusiones derivadas de esa experiencia. Material y método. Rango de edades: 6 meses a 24 años. Se usó broncofibroscopio Pentax u Olympus, y broncoscopio rígido Storz. Resultados. El 69,70% de los pacientes tenía entre 6 a 25 meses; el 79% de los CE fueron extraídos antes de la semana de derivación por SP; el 40% correspondió a “semillas”; el síntoma más frecuente fue el SP: 91,5%, y la tos en el 85,5% de los casos; la radiología pulmonar fue normal en el 56,36%. Conclusiones. Debe ser un procedimiento centralizado por regiones que permita mantener la manualidad del operador. El centro de broncoscopía debe contar con la tecnología apropiada, en función de las edades que abarca. Deben ser más difundidas las características de la alimentación en los primeros 3 años de vida - edad más riesgosa- y los alimentos a evitar.

Objective. Experience of 15 years with bronchoscopic foreign bodies (FB) removal is presented 277 bronchoscopies for “probable foreign body aspiration” were per fomed from December 1992 to December 2008. In 165 cases a F.B. was found and conclusions are presented. Population. age range 6 mo to 24 yo. Results. 69,70% of patients were between 6 and 25 m.old.; 79% of F.B. were removed before 1 week of referral for suffocation event; 40% were classified as “seeds”; most frequent symptom was suffocation event in 91,5% and cough in 85,5% of cases; lung radiology was normal in 56%. F.B. successful extraction during first procedure was 154 cases out of 165 F.B. Complications were seen in 6,6%. Conclusions. F.B. extraction should be a procedure performed by geographic regions according to experience and population served. The F.B. extraction center should have instruments appropiate for ages and body sizes of its population. Feeding precautions and food preparation, during first 3 years of life, must be emphasized.

Unintentionally retained foreign bodies after surgical procedures. Analysis of 4547 cases / Retenção inadvertida de corpos estranhos após intervenções cirúrgicas. Análise de 4547 casos

Objective: this study aims to explore the experience of Brazilian surgeons on Unintentionally Retained Foreign Bodies (RFB) after surgical procedures. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to surgeons by electronic mail, between March and July 2012. The questions analyzed their experience with foreign bodies (FB), foreign bodies' types, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, risk factors and legal implications. Results: in the 2872 eligible questionnaires, 43% of the surgeons asserted that they had already left FB and 73% had removed FB in one or more occasions, totalizing 4547. Of these foreign bodies, 90% were textiles, 78% were discovered in the first year and 14% remained asymptomatic. Among doctors with less than five years after graduation, 36% had already left a FB. The most frequently surgical procedures mentioned were the elective (57%) and routine (85%) ones. Emergency (26%), lack of counting (25%) and inadequate conditions of work contributed (12.5%) to the occurrence. In 46% of the cases patients were alerted about the FB, and 26% of them sued the doctors or the institution. Conclusions: challenging medical situations, omission of security protocols and inadequate work conditions contributed to RFB. However, RFB occurs mostly in routine procedures such as cesarean or cholecystectomy, and at the beginning of the professional career, highlighting, particularly in poorest countries, the need for primary prevention. Textiles predominated causing clinical repercussions and they were diagnosed in the first postoperative months. Surgeons were sued in 11.3% of the RFB cases.

Objetivo: avaliar a experiência de cirurgiões brasileiros com a retenção inadvertida de corpos estranhos (RICE) após procedimentos cirúrgicos. Métodos : foi enviado por correio eletrônico um questionário para cirurgiões, de março a julho de 2012. As questões avaliavam a sua experiência com RICE, os tipos de corpos estranhos, suas manifestações clínicas, diagnósticos, fatores de risco e implicações jurídicas. Resultados : 2872 questionários foram analisados. Destes, 43% dos cirurgiões já teriam deixado algum corpo estranho (CE) e 73% removido um CE em uma ou mais ocasiões. De um total de 4547 CE, 90% eram têxteis, 78% foram descobertos dentro do primeiro ano, e 14% assintomáticos. No grupo dos médicos graduados há menos de cinco anos, 36% já havia deixado um CE. Os procedimentos operatórios mais relacionados eram eletivos (54%) e rotineiros (85%). Emergência (26%), ausência de contagem (25%) e condições inadequadas de trabalho também contribuíram com a ocorrência (12,5%). Em 46% dos casos os pacientes tomaram ciência da retenção e 26% deles processaram os médicos ou as instituições. Conclusão: s ituações médicas desafiadoras, omissão de protocolos de segurança e condições inadequadas de trabalho contribuíram com a RICE. Entretanto, as RICE ocorreram principalmente em operações de rotina, como cesarianas e colecistectomias, principalmente no início da carreira profissional, ressaltando, principalmente em países mais pobres, a necessidade de prevenção primária. Os têxteis predominaram, acarretando repercussões clínicas e sendo diagnosticados nos primeiros meses de pós-operatório. Os médicos foram processados em 11,3% dos casos de RICE.

Thoracic textilomas: CT findings / Textilomas intratorácicos: achados tomográficos

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze chest CT scans of patients with thoracic textiloma. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 16 patients (11 men and 5 women) with surgically confirmed thoracic textiloma. The chest CT scans of those patients were evaluated by two independent observers, and discordant results were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: The majority (62.5%) of the textilomas were caused by previous heart surgery. The most common symptoms were chest pain (in 68.75%) and cough (in 56.25%). In all cases, the main tomographic finding was a mass with regular contours and borders that were well-defined or partially defined. Half of the textilomas occurred in the right hemithorax and half occurred in the left. The majority (56.25%) were located in the lower third of the lung. The diameter of the mass was ≤ 10 cm in 10 cases (62.5%) and > 10 cm in the remaining 6 cases (37.5%). Most (81.25%) of the textilomas were heterogeneous in density, with signs of calcification, gas, radiopaque marker, or sponge-like material. Peripheral expansion of the mass was observed in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 patients in whom a contrast agent was used. Intraoperatively, pleural involvement was observed in 14 cases (87.5%) and pericardial involvement was observed in 2 (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize the main tomographic aspects of thoracic textilomas in order to include this possibility in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and cough in patients with a history of heart or thoracic surgery, thus promoting the early identification and treatment of this postoperative complication. .

OBJETIVO: Analisar retrospectivamente os aspectos encontrados em TCs de tórax com textiloma torácico. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 16 pacientes (11 homens e 5 mulheres) com diagnóstico de textiloma torácico confirmado cirurgicamente. As TCs de tórax foram avaliadas, de modo independente, por dois observadores, e os casos discordantes foram resolvidos por consenso. RESULTADOS: Na maioria dos casos (62,5%), o fator causal foi a cirurgia cardíaca prévia. Os sintomas mais frequentes foram dor torácica (em 68,75%) e tosse (em 56,25%). Em todos os casos, o principal achado tomográfico foi de massa com contornos regulares e limites bem definidos ou parcialmente definidos. A localização dos textilomas ocorreu na mesma proporção no hemitórax direito e esquerdo, mas foi mais comum no terço inferior (em 56,25%). O tamanho das massas foi ≤ 10 cm e > 10 cm, respectivamente, em 10 (62,5%) e em 6 pacientes (37,5%). A maioria dos textilomas apresentou densidade heterogênea (81,25%), observando-se no seu interior calcificações, gás, marcador radiopaco ou material da compressa. A impregnação periférica da lesão foi observada em 12 (92,3%) dos 13 pacientes que receberam o meio de contraste. A cirurgia demonstrou acometimento do espaço pleural e pericárdico, respectivamente, em 14 (87,5%) e em 2 pacientes (12,5%). CONCLUSÕES: É importante reconhecer os principais aspectos tomográficos dos textilomas intratorácicos a fim de incluir essa possibilidade no diagnóstico diferencial em pacientes com dor torácica e tosse e história de cirurgia cardíaca ou torácica, contribuindo assim para o tratamento precoce dessa complicação cirúrgica. .

Corpo estranho em Otorrinolaringologia: perfil dos atendimentos em um pronto-socorro de referencia / ENT foreign bodies: profile of the cases seen at a tertiary hospital emergency care unit

A presença de corpo estranho (CE) nas orelhas, nariz ou garganta é uma queixa muito comum. Seu devido reconhecimento, estudo e manejo são necessários para que complicações sejam prevenidas. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil dos atendimentos a CE realizados em um pronto-socorro (PS) de Otorrinolaringologia (ORL) de referência, no período de fevereiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte histórica com corte transversal, baseado na análise de fichas de pronto-atendimento digitalizadas. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados atendimentos a 827 casos de CE no período, representando 5,3% de todos os casos atendidos no PS-ORL. CE foi mais comumente encontrado em crianças, principalmente em ≤ 8 anos. Não houve diferença significativa entre gêneros. CE se localizaram mais frequentemente nas orelhas (64,4%), nas fossas nasais (19,5%) e na orofaringe (8,9%). A taxa geral de complicações foi 4,5% e a necessidade de anestesia geral para retirada do CE, 4,4%. CONCLUSÃO: CE em ORL é uma queixa comum, sendo mais comumente encontrados nas orelhas, principalmente em crianças. Baixas taxas de complicação e necessidade de anestesia geral foram registradas nos atendimentos realizados pelo otorrinolaringologista. Salienta-se, novamente, a importância do correto manejo de CE em ORL para a prevenção de complicações. .

Individuals often seek help with foreign bodies (FB) in their ears, noses, and throats. Proper recognition, study, and management of foreign bodies is required to prevent complications. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of the patients seen for FB at a reference otorhinolaryngology emergency care unit between February of 2010 and January of 2011. METHOD: Cross-sectional retrospective historical cohort study based on digitized patient charts. RESULTS: FB accounted for 827 cases and 5.3% of all patients seen in the ENT emergency unit. Children were affected more frequently, particularly when aged 8 and under. No statistically significant differences were seen between genders. Foreign bodies were mostly located in the ears (64.4%), followed by the nasal fossae (19.5%), and the oropharynx (8.9%). Complications were seen in 4.5% of the cases, and 4.4% required general anesthesia to have the FB removed. CONCLUSION: In our ENT practice, foreign bodies were more commonly seen in children; the ears were the preferential site of occurrence. Complication rates and use of general anesthesia were low in our practice. It should be stressed that ENT foreign bodies need to be properly managed so as to avoid complications. .

Extracción endoscópica de cuerpos extraños digestivos / Endoscopic extraction of digestive foreign bodies

Introducción: La ingestión de cuerpo extraño (CE) es frecuente en la infancia, requiriendo en el 10-20 por ciento de los casos extracción endoscópica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las características demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas de los pacientes con ingesta de CE que requieren manejo endoscópico. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo. Se incluyen los pacientes derivados al servicio de urgencia de Clínica Alemana de Santiago para extracción de cuerpo extraño entre noviembre de 2007-noviembre de 2011. Se registran variables demográficas, clínicas y endoscópicas, clasificando la sintomatología en respiratoria, digestiva y otros. Se evaluaron factores de riesgo y complicaciones. Resultados: 170 pacientes, 52,4 por ciento varones, edad promedio de 4 años y 3 meses. En 78,5 por ciento la ingestión de CE ocurrió en el hogar, el 82,1por ciento consultó en las primeras 2 h. Los síntomas más comunes post ingestión fueron digestivos, respiratorios y dolor local. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple en 87,6 por ciento. En el 91,8 por ciento se extrajo el CE. Localización: 1,3 por ciento retrofaríngeo, 69,3 por ciento esófago, 23 por ciento estómago, 1,9 por ciento duodeno, 3,8 por ciento distal a duodeno. Los CE más frecuentes fueron los redondos (56,4 por ciento) y dentro de ellos las monedas, punzantes (24,1 por ciento), pilas (14,7 por ciento), imanes (2,9 por ciento) y otros de gran tamaño (1,8 por ciento). Se encontró lesión de mucosa en el 53,5 por ciento, requiriendo hospitalización el 9,8 por ciento de los niños. Conclusiones: La ingestión de CE ocurre en el hogar y es más frecuente en pre escolares. El CE más frecuentes fue la moneda. La localización del CE fue con radiografía simple y no hubo fracaso ni complicaciones en la extracción endoscópica.

Introduction: The ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is very common in childhood, 10 to 20 percent of the cases require endoscopic removal. The aim of this study is to analyze the demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristic of patients with FB ingestion requiring endoscopic management. Patients and Methods: The design corresponded to a Prospective Cohort Study. It included patients referred to the Clinica Alemana ER in Santiago in order to remove foreign bodies from their digestive systems between November 2007 and November 2011. Demographic, clinical and endoscopic characteristics were recorded, classifying the symptoms as respiratory, digestive and other manifestations. Risk factors and complications were evaluated. Results: 170 patients, 52.4 percent male with average age of four years and three months old. In 78.5 percent of the cases, the FB ingestion occurred at home, 82.1percent sought medical attention within two hours from the ingestion. Digestive, respiratory and local pain were among the most common symptoms. The location of the FB took place using simple x-ray in 87.6 percent of the cases. 91.8 percent of the FBs were extracted. Location: retropharyngeal 1.3 percent, 69.3 percent esophagus, stomach 23 percent duodenum 1.9 percent and 3.8 percent distal duodenum. Round FB were the most frequent (56.4 percent) like coins, sharp objects (24.1 percent), batteries (14.7 percent), magnets (2.9 percent) and other large items (1.8 percent). Mucosal lesion was found in 53.5 percent of the cases and 9.8 percent required hospitalization Conclusions: The ingestion of FB occurred at home, and it is most frequent in preschool children. The most common FB was a coin. The location of the FB was through x-ray and no failure or complications were described during the endoscopic removal.

Sewing Needle in Breast Parenchyma.

A 38 year old woman presented with pain in her left breast for last 8 days. She had a history of fall in road 8 days back. She was investigated with X-ray, ECG but no abnormality found. She was treated symptomatically, but got no relief. When we examined the patient, a stiff cord like structure was found deep in the lower outer quadrant of the left breast parenchyma. In the same old X-ray, a long thin pointed foreign body was seen in parallel and superimposed on an underline rib. The breast was explored under local anesthesia; a swing needle was found and removed. Foreign body like sewing needle in breast tissue is an extremely uncommon clinical condition; proper clinical examination and correlation with investigation can clinch the diagnosis early.

Clinical evaluation of disc battery ingestion in children

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics, management, and outcomes of disc battery ingestion in children. We reviewed the medical records of children admitted to Mofid Children's Hospital due to disc battery ingestion from January 2006 to January 2010. Clear history, clinical symptoms and results of imaging studies revealed diagnosis of disc battery ingestion in suspected patients. The clinical data reviewed included age, gender, clinical manifestation, radiologic findings, location of disc battery, duration of ingestion, endoscopic results and surgical treatment. We found 22 cases [11 males and 11 females] of disc battery ingestion with a mean age of 4.3 years [range: 9 months to 12 years]. Common symptoms were vomiting, cough, dysphagia, and dyspnea. The mean duration of ingestion was 2.7 days [4 hours to 1.5 months]. A total of 19 patients had histories of disc battery ingestion, but three cases referred with the above symptoms, and the batteries were accidentally found by x-ray. Only three cases had batteries impacted in the esophagus. Twelve batteries were removed endoscopically, 6 batteries spontaneously passed through the gastrointestinal [GI] tract within 5 to 7 days, and 4 patients underwent surgery due to complications: 3 due to tracheo-esophageal fistula [TEF] and 1 due to intestinal perforation. There was no mortality in our study. Most cases of disc battery ingestion run uneventful courses, but some may be complicated. If the battery lodges in the esophagus, emergency endoscopic management is necessary. However, once in the stomach, it will usually pass through the GI tract

Complications of exodontia: A retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of various complications following routine exodontia performed using fixed protocols. Materials and Methods: A total of 22,330 extractions carried out in 14,975 patients, aged between 14 and 82 years, who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, were evaluated for various complications. Results: The most common complications encountered were tooth fracture, trismus, fracture of cortical plates and dry socket. Wound dehiscence, postoperative pain and hemorrhage were encountered less frequently. Luxation of adjacent teeth, fracture of maxillary tuberosity, and displacement of tooth into adjacent tissue spaces were rare complications. Conclusion: The practice of exodontia inevitably results in complications from time to time. It is imperative for the clinician to recognize impending complications and manage them accordingly.

Corpo estranho em meato acústico externo: avaliação de 462 casos / Foreign-body in external auditory meatus: evaluation of 462 cases

Introdução: Desde 1950, foram realizados inúmeros estudos dos corpos estranhos em orelhas e vias aéreas superiores. São casos frequentes no pronto socorro e que, se não abordados adequadamente, podem acarretar várias complicações como trauma e perfuração de membrana timpânica, hemorragias de conduto, perda auditiva e otites. Objetivo: Determinar a idade, sexo, complicações e tipo de corpos estranhos em meato acústico externo de 462 pacientes atendidos em um hospital terciário. Método: Estudo retrospectivo dos casos de corpos estranhos de orelha removidos pelo serviço de Otorrinolaringologia de um hospital terciário no período de 1º de janeiro de 1999 a 31 de julho de 2006. Resultados: Os corpos estranhos mais encontrados foram os insetos. A maior incidência de corpo estranho em orelha foi encontrada na faixa etária acima dos 16 anos e no sexo masculino. As complicações ocorreram principalmente na faixa etária abaixo dos 6 anos. Conclusão: A prevalência de corpo estranho em orelha nos adultos é elevada. As complicações ocorrem principalmente na faixa etária de 0 a 6 anos. Em nosso serviço, os insetos são os mais frequentes e os responsáveis pela maior parte das complicações.

Introduction: Since 1950, a numberless of studies of the foreign-bodies in ears and upper airways were executed. They are usual cases in the emergency rooms and, if they are not rightly addressed, they can bring about several complications as trauma and tympanic membrane perforation, auditory meatus hemorrhagia, hearing loss and otitis. Objective: Establish the age, sex, complications and foreign-bodies' type in external auditory meatus of 462 patients attended in a tertiary hospital. Method: A retrospective study of the cases of ear' foreign-bodies removed by the otorhinolaryngology service of a tertiary hospital in the period of January 1, 1999 to July 31, 2006. Results: The insects were the foreign-bodies more found. The major incidence of foreign-body in an ear was found in the age group above 16 years old and, in the male sex. The complications occurred mostly in the age group below 6 years old. Conclusion: The foreign-body' prevalence in an ear of the adults is high. The complications occur mostly in 0 to 6 years old age group. In our service, the insects are the most frequents and the responsible for the major part of the complications.

Endoscopic management of foreign body in the upper gastrointestinal tract: a tertiary care center experience.

BACKGROUND: Foreign body (FB) in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) is a common clinical problem in endoscopic practice. At present, many physicians recommend endoscopy for both diagnosis and treatment. To date, few have report endoscopic findings and management of FB in UGIT. OBJECTIVE: To report the authors' experience and outcome of the endoscopic management of foreign body ingestion at Siriraj Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Medical records of patients with FB ingestion in the UGIT, who underwent endoscopic management between January 2004 and January 2008 at Siriraj Hospital, were reviewed. RESULTS: The analysis included 34 patients of which 58.82% were men. The mean age of the group was 18.26 years (range 10 months - 86 years). 58.82% of patients were younger than 5 years. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed in 100% of cases, under general anesthesia (GA) in 85.29%, and under transintravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in 14.71%. Endoscopic management was successful in all cases. The extractions were done with rat-tooth forceps, polypectomy snare, dormia basket, or tripods. There were no procedure related complications. CONCLUSION: The ingested FB varied widely according to the underlying medical condition and age. In a tertiary care center endoscopic removal of FB in UGIT could be safely performed with a very good result.

Diagnóstico, manejo y actualización en cuerpo extraño aerodigestivo: [revisión] / Diagnosis, treatment and update in foreign body of the aerodigestive tract: [revision]

El cuerpo extraño de la vía aerodigestiva es una patología que sigue siendo un reto para el otorrinolaringólogo. Son cerca de 3.000 muertes al año en EE.UU. por asfixia asociado a cuerpo extraño y la incidencia se ha mantenido en los últimos años. El grupo de los niños sigue siendo el mayor riesgo. Con el objetivo de establecer una revisión del tema se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos y OVID con las palabras claves de “esophagic foreign body” “foreign body” “airway bronchoscopy”. Se seleccionaron referencias entre 1997 y 2007 que permitieran además entregar una puesta al día en epidemiología, clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Foreign body in the aerial and digestive pathway is a challenging pathology for the ORL specialist. It results in about 3000 deaths per year in USA, with a persisting incidence in recent years. Children persist as the higher risk group. With the aim of reviewing the literature on this subject, a data base and OVID search was performed, using "esophagic foreign body", "foreign body airway" and "bronchoscopy" as key words. References published between 1997 and 2007 were selected, which in addition allows for an epidemiologic, clinical, diagnosis and treatment update.

Acidentes com corpo estranho em menores de 15 anos: análise epidemiológica dos atendimentos em pronto-socorro, internações e óbitos / Accidents with foreign bodies in children under 15 years of age: epidemiological analysis of first aid services, hospitalizations, and deaths

Analisou-se os acidentes com corpo estranho entre menores de 15 anos, residentes em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil, atendidos em serviços de emergência/internação ou que morreram por estas causas, em 2001. Os dados foram obtidos nos hospitais gerais e no Núcleo de Informação em Mortalidade do município. Foram estudadas 434 crianças vítimas de acidentes com corpo estranho, revelando uma taxa de internação de 3,7 por cento e uma taxa de óbito de 0,7 por cento. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (53,7 por cento) e o maior coeficiente foi na faixa etária de 1 a 3 anos (7,2 por mil crianças). A penetração de corpo estranho em orifício natural (olho, fossas nasais e conduto auditivo) representou 94 por cento, a inalação/ingestão de alimentos ocorreu em 2,8 por cento, a inalação/ingestão de objetos em 2,5 por cento e a inalação de conteúdo gástrico em 0,7 por cento dos casos, sendo responsável por todos os óbitos. A presente investigação pode contribuir no sentido de permitir aos planejadores analisar tendências, priorizar ações que contemplem a prevenção e atenção às vítimas desses eventos e desenvolver estratégias para a reestruturação dos serviços a fim de tornar mais eficiente o gerenciamento dos recursos.

This study aims to analyze accidents involving foreign bodies among children less than 15 years of age residing in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil, in terms of first aid, hospitalization, and death (2001). Data were obtained from general hospital records and the Municipal Mortality Database. A total of 434 accidents were analyzed, with a 3.7 percent hospitalization rate and 0.7 percent mortality. Boys predominated (53.7 percent), and the incidence rate was highest among children one to three years of age (7.2 per 1,000 children). Foreign body penetration in natural orifices (eyes, nostrils, and ears) accounted for 94 percent, inhalation/ingestion of food 2.8 percent, inhalation/ingestion of objects 2.5 percent, and aspiration of gastric contents 0.7 percent, and these causes accounted for all the deaths. The results contribute to epidemiological knowledge on such accidents and indicate the need to restructure health services in order to decentralize care for less complex injuries, besides emphasizing the need for preventive measures.

Complicações de corpos estranhos em otorrinolaringologia: um estudo retrospectivo / Complications of ent foreign bodies: a retrospective study

Corpos estranhos constituem uma das mais freqüentes urgências em Otorrinolaringologia. Embora raras, complicações graves podem ocorrer, como perfuração timpânica e broncoaspiração. OBJETIVOS: Analisar, através de um estudo retrospectivo, 1356 casos de corpos estranhos e estabelecer causas para as complicações, objetivando medidas preventivas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 1356 pacientes com corpos estranhos de orelha, nariz, faringe e laringe atendidos no Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Souza Aguiar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, no período de 1992 a 2000, foram analisados de forma retrospectiva quanto aos parâmetros sexo, idade, tipo de corpo estranho, localização do corpo estranho, tempo entre colocação e retirada do corpo estranho e complicações. RESULTADOS: O corpo estranho mais freqüente foi o grão de feijão e a faixa etária mais freqüente a de 1 a 4 anos. Corpos estranhos de orelha foram os mais freqüentes, seguidos pelos de nariz. Complicações foram estatisticamente relacionadas ao tempo, faixa etária infantil e experiência do médico. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das situações que levam a acidentes com corpos estranhos são evitáveis. Melhorias na estruturação da rede pública de atendimento e na formação dos otorrinolaringologistas são fundamentais para evitarmos as complicações mais sérias.

Foreign bodies are one of the most common ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) urgencies. Serious complications may occur, like tympanic perforations and bronchoaspiration, but they are uncommon. AIM: To analyze a 1356 foreign body series and establish causes for the complications, looking at prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1356 patients with ear, nose and throat foreign bodies from the ENT Department of Souza Aguiar Hospital, in Rio de Janeiro, between 1992 and 2000, were analyzed in a retrospective study for parameters like age, gender, type and localization of the foreign body, time span between introduction and removal of the foreign body and complications. RESULTS: The most common foreign bodies were beans and the most frequent age was between 1 and 4 years old. Ear foreign bodies were the most common, followed by nasal foreign bodies. Complications were statistically related to time, child’s age and practical experience of the physician. CONCLUSION: Most of the situations related to ENT foreign bodies are avoidable. Improvements in Public Health Assistance and otolaryngologists’ training are essential to avoid serious complications.